Nearly half the labour force is female the proportion of women is almost one-half in manufacturing, but it is considerably higher in education and culture, in trade, and in the health field. Industry is the largest employer, followed by commerce, construction, education, culture, administration, and transport and communications. Though Prague is renowned for its cultural life and monuments, it has also played an important role in the economic life of what is now the Czech Republic since the early and intensive development in the 19th century of such industries as those producing textiles and machinery. A tendency toward small families is a reflection of both difficulties in housing and increased participation by both parents in the workforce. The natural rate of population increase is very small. The city has a number of demographic peculiarities stemming mainly from the effects of World War II there are more women than men, and a sizable proportion of the female population is past the age of fertility. There is a small Slovak community, but the overwhelming majority of residents are Czechs.
Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. In 1992 the historic city centre was added to UNESCO’s World Heritage List. Seen from the surrounding hills, the many church towers make up a unique perspective, giving Prague its description as the “city of a hundred spires.” This architectural harmony was enhanced by post-1945 planning, which preserved the ancient core of the city as a major monument and carefully supervised all modern building. The narrow streets and little taverns and restaurants of the older quarters contrast with the broad sweep of Wenceslas Square and modern parks and housing developments, while the great 18th-century Baroque palaces have their own elegance and splendour. The winding course of the Vltava, with its succession of bridges and changing vistas, contrasts with the ever-present backdrop of the great castle of Hradčany ( Prague Castle), which dominates the left-bank region of the city from behind massive walls set high on a hill. Among the finest is the Charles Bridge (Karlův most), which stands astride the Vltava River. The physical attractions and landmarks of Prague are many.
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